Some chests require you to observe a flash of runes or colors and repeat them back.
While many puzzles are pure logic, some provide "Hints" based on your Intelligence or Perception stats. If your character is a "himbo" or "bimbo" build with low Smarts, the game may intentionally withhold clues. corruption of champions 2 chest puzzle
Occasionally, a chest is guarded by a prompt rather than a mechanical interface. These are lore-heavy. Some chests require you to observe a flash