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Upon opening SPSS 27, you are greeted by the , which provides quick access to recent files, sample data, and helpful tutorials. The software operates through three primary windows:

: The "back-end" where you define the properties of your data, such as variable names, labels, measurement levels (nominal, ordinal, or scale), and missing value codes. ibm+spss+statistics+27+step+by+step+pdf+work

: A spreadsheet-style interface where you enter and view your actual raw data. Upon opening SPSS 27, you are greeted by