All documents of this Web server are in Russian. See URL:http://www.free.net/index.htm

FREEnet

 

Freenet.gif

FREEnet

The network For Research, Education and Engineering

Website

http://www.free.net/

Email

Affiliation

N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry (ZIOC RAS)

Home

47, Leninskii prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Status

Russian Association of Academic and Research Networks

Subsidies

none

Established

1991

Max speed

15 Gbit/s

Commodity

3 Gbit/s

GEANT

1 Gbit/s

Customers connected

Cities

7

Univ/research

20+

Commercial

none

CEENGINE status assessment

Status

Selfsustainable
     

 

General Overview

FREEnet (the network For Research, Education, and Engineering), a corporate noncommercial computer network, connects the academic and research computer networks of the Russian Academy of Sciences research institutes, universities, higher education institutions and other scientific, educational, and research organizations.

History

FREEnet was established on 20 June 1991 by N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry (ZIOC) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) with the Network Operation Center at Computer Assistance to Chemical Research of RAS. In nineties, when research and educational community in fSU countries lacked the Internet services, FREEnet has developed infrastructure integrated 15 Russian regional RENs as well as some NRENs abroad. The total number of universities and research institution using FREEnet services at those time overcome 350. Later, in accordance with both academic community changing needs, and with general trends of Russian research and educational networking, FREEnet concentrated mostly on providing network infrastructure and advanced services, which users need especially for their research projects, rather than providing just basic Internet services.

FREEnet participated in numerous national and international projects, including those supported by the Ministry of Sciences, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, etc.

Services

Currently, FREEnet provides the following services to its users:

  1. High-speed Internet access via a dedicated line. Both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols are available on each access link. The choice of the protocol stack used is up to each user.
  2. Creation of fault-tolerant systems
  3. Remote management of the user's network infrastructure
  4. Traffic classification and assured forwarding services (Class Based QoS)
  5. VPNs over MPLS network infrastructure
  6. Collocation of user's equipment at FREEnet PoPs
  7. IPTV broadcasting over multicast IPv4 and routing of multicast streams among users.
  8. Dark fiber and L2 channels via Ethernet infrastructure.

Jung Und Frei Magazine Photos [hot] -

The aesthetic of Jung und Frei magazine photos is defined by its authenticity. Unlike modern fashion photography, which relies heavily on retouching and studio artifice, the images in Jung und Frei are predominantly captured in natural light. Whether on the Baltic coast or in the forests of Bavaria, the photography emphasizes the texture of skin, the movement of the body in sports, and the genuine expressions of people enjoying the outdoors. This "candid" style was revolutionary, helping to shift the public perception of nudity from something hidden to something wholesome and athletic.

Ultimately, the legacy of Jung und Frei magazine photos lies in their courage to normalize the human form. By presenting the body without sexualization or judgment, the magazine created a visual language for freedom. Even in a digital age saturated with imagery, these classic photographs remain a powerful reminder of a time when "young and free" wasn't just a slogan, but a way of life lived under the open sky. jung und frei magazine photos

Collecting and studying Jung und Frei magazine photos also provides a fascinating look at the evolution of photography equipment and styles. Early issues featured grainy, black-and-white shots that felt like personal scrapbooks. By the mid-20th century, the magazine transitioned to vibrant color spreads that captured the "Golden Age" of European naturism. These images now serve as a nostalgic archive for historians and photography enthusiasts alike, documenting a specific era of European social liberation. The aesthetic of Jung und Frei magazine photos

Jung und Frei (Young and Free) magazine holds a unique place in the history of German naturism (Freikörperkultur or FKK). For decades, it has documented a lifestyle centered on the harmony between nature and the human body. The photography found within its pages is more than just imagery; it is a visual manifesto of a culture that rejects shame in favor of health, sunshine, and social equality. This "candid" style was revolutionary, helping to shift

Central to the appeal of these photos is the concept of "Lichtgebet" or light-prayer—the idea that the sun and air are essential for physical and mental well-being. The magazine’s photographers often focused on group activities, showing families and friends playing volleyball, swimming, or hiking. This focus on the collective experience underscored the naturist belief that the body, when stripped of clothing, also loses the markers of social class. The photos served as proof that in nature, everyone is equal.