: Attaching the finished lens into a cell and mounting the entire assembly on a stable base, such as an Altazimuth (AZ) mount for simple left-right and up-down movement. Availability: Finding the Book and Resources

Building a high-quality refractor telescope has long been considered an advanced feat reserved for master opticians. However, Norman Remer’s seminal book, demystifies this complex craft for the amateur enthusiast. The Core Philosophy of Norman Remer

: Using optical tests to identify and fix errors in the lens figure.

A key insight Remer provides is that a to achieve comparable optical quality, making the process more accessible than many assume. Technical Components and Design

: Builders typically work with glass types like BK7 and KZFS1. The process involves using specific abrasives, pitch for polishing, and testing methods to ensure the curves are correct.

A world of geom

ggplot2 builds charts through layers using geom_ functions. Here is a list of the different available geoms. Click one to see an example using it.

geom_bar geom_bin geom_boxplot geom_density geom_error geom_hex geom_hist geom_hline geom_jitter geom_label geom_line geom_point geom_polygon geom_rect geom_ribbon geom_rug geom_segment geom_smooth geom_text geom_tile geom_violin geom_vline
Annotation with ggplot2

Annotation is a key step in data visualization. It allows to highlight the main message of the chart, turning a messy figure in an insightful medium. ggplot2 offers many function for this purpose, allowing to add all sorts of text and shapes.





Marginal plot

Marginal plots are not natively supported by ggplot2, but their realisation is straightforward thanks to the ggExtra library as illustrated in graph #277.





ggplot2 chart appearance

The theme() function of ggplot2 allows to customize the chart appearance. It controls 3 main types of components:

Re-ordering with ggplot2

When working with categorical variables (= factors), a common struggle is to manage the order of entities on the plot.

Post #267 is dedicated to reordering. It describes 3 different way to arrange groups in a ggplot2 chart:


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making a refractor telescope norman remer pdf 12 new
Tidyverse

Here’s the official ggplot2 cheatsheet created by Posit. It covers all the key concepts of the library.

I've also compiled it with the most useful R and data visualization cheatsheets into a single PDF you can download:

ggplot2

A cheatsheet for quickly recalling the key functions and arguments of the ggplot2 library.

ggplot2 cheatsheet
ggplot2 title

The ggtitle() function allows to add a title to the chart. The following post will guide you through its usage, showing how to control title main features: position, font, color, text and more.





Use custom fonts with ggplot2

If you don't want your plot to look like any others, you'll definitely be interested in using custom fonts for your title and labels! This is totally possible thanks to 2 main packages: ragg and showtext. The blog-post below should help you using any font in minutes.





Small multiples: facet_wrap() and facet_grid()

Small multiples is a very powerful dataviz technique. It split the chart window in many small similar charts: each represents a specific group of a categorical variable. The following post describes the main use cases using facet_wrap() and facet_grid() and should get you started quickly.

A set of pre-built themes

It is possible to customize any part of a ggplot2 chart thanks to the theme() function. Fortunately, heaps of pre-built themes are available, allowing to get a good style with one more line of code only. Here is a glimpse of the available themes. See code


→ ggplot2

default theme_bw() theme_minimal() theme_classic() theme_gray()

→ ggthemes

theme_excel() theme_economist() theme_fivethirtyeight() theme_tufte() theme_gdocs() theme_wsj() theme_calc() theme_hc()

→ other

theme_article() theme_pubclean() theme_bigstatsr() theme_ipsum()
ggplot2 thememaking a refractor telescope norman remer pdf 12 new

Making A Refractor Telescope Norman Remer Pdf 12 New -

: Attaching the finished lens into a cell and mounting the entire assembly on a stable base, such as an Altazimuth (AZ) mount for simple left-right and up-down movement. Availability: Finding the Book and Resources

Building a high-quality refractor telescope has long been considered an advanced feat reserved for master opticians. However, Norman Remer’s seminal book, demystifies this complex craft for the amateur enthusiast. The Core Philosophy of Norman Remer

: Using optical tests to identify and fix errors in the lens figure.

A key insight Remer provides is that a to achieve comparable optical quality, making the process more accessible than many assume. Technical Components and Design

: Builders typically work with glass types like BK7 and KZFS1. The process involves using specific abrasives, pitch for polishing, and testing methods to ensure the curves are correct.

Related chart types

making a refractor telescope norman remer pdf 12 new
Ggplot2
making a refractor telescope norman remer pdf 12 new
Animation
making a refractor telescope norman remer pdf 12 new
Interactivity
making a refractor telescope norman remer pdf 12 new
3D
making a refractor telescope norman remer pdf 12 new
Caveats
making a refractor telescope norman remer pdf 12 new
Data art