The Mali-G31 supports Vulkan 1.0 and OpenGL ES 3.2 . Vulkan is essential for modern mobile gaming and smoother UI rendering in newer versions of Android.

The Mali-450 is stuck on OpenGL ES 2.0 . Many modern apps and games simply will not run, or will crash, because they require the newer instructions found in the G31. 3. Video Playback and 4K Performance

Most people encounter these GPUs in TV boxes (like those using Amlogic chips).

Struggling with almost anything beyond basic 2D puzzles. Most 3D games from the last three years will either look like a slideshow or fail to load textures. 5. Heat and Efficiency ("The Hot Factor")

Neither of these is a gaming powerhouse, but the gap is wide:

Paired with CPUs like the S905X3, it handles 4K HDR content at 60fps with ease. It is optimized for UI overlays on top of high-resolution video.