: Resistance to localized surface deformation, often increased by adding carbon or heat treatment.
: Ease with which a material can be joined by welding; low-carbon steels typically offer the best weldability. 2. Steel Specifications and Standards
: The ability to absorb energy and resist fracture, often measured at various temperatures (e.g., -20°C for J2 grades). Physical & Chemical Properties :
: The ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, crucial for forming processes.
The performance of steel is dictated by its chemical composition and microstructure. :